Dipankar Bhattacharya visited an entire debt-trapped family

All were found hanging dead in their hut

Dipankar Bhattacharya posted this tragic story Tuesday 07th June 2022 at 01:06

Vidyapatinagar, Samastipur: 07th June 2022: (The Naxalbari Screen Bureau)::

Caste massacres, communal carnages, state-executed killings, mob lynchings, political murders, illicit liquor deaths, even death of children due to toxic meals served in schools - I have seen them all over my nearly four decades of close association with Bihar. The collective death of five members of a poor household in Mou panchayat of Vidyapatinagar of Samastipur district on 5 June morning added a new category of debt-driven massacre.

Heard this shocking news soon after the 5 June Convention in Patna. But the account we heard from the survivors of this debt-driven devastation on reaching the spot next morning left us completely numbed.

Manoj Jha, the only breadwinner of this family of five, used to make both ends meet by driving an auto and selling chewing tobacco from a makeshift roadside shop. The family comprised his parents, wife and two young sons, Satyam and Shivam, aged only about seven and eight. He had got his two daughters married off - the elder in 2017 and the younger earlier this year.

The family had reportedly incurred some small loans from private moneylenders and microfinance groups. The lockdown had taken its toll and earnings had dipped drastically. The pressure from moneylenders and microfinance groups for loan recovery however grew in inverse proportion.

According to Govind, the elder son-in-law who used to work in Gujarat before Covid19 struck and now drives an auto in Patna, the loan amount was only about Rs three lakh or so, but the moneylenders were demanding nearly six times the loan amount! Unable to face this harassment, Manoj's father Ratikant Jha committed suicide a few months ago.

But the harassment continued to grow and became unbearable. One moneylender seized the family's land deeds and even confiscated utensils and gas cylinder. The family visited the local police station only to be turned away. The local panchayat too turned a deaf ear and refused to restrain the moneylenders and stop the harassment. On top of it, the family reportedly became a victim of the ongoing ration card cancellation drive. 

The morning of 5 June saw the five members of the family hanging dead from the roof in a tiny room. Govind and his wife suspect it to be a case of murder while local media reports treat it as collective suicide. The DM has not cared to visit the spot and speak to the family. The CM has only issued a statement.

One look at the house tells you that the loud claims of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana and Nitish Kumar's 'Sat Nischay' (Seven Guarantees) are just an empty cruel rhetoric. The reality is the renewed scourge of usury and people lapsing into extreme poverty and destitution. The reality is mass cancellation of ration cards and denial of even basic food rights. 

What do we mean by justice for a family which has lost its all - land, livelihood and now lives? A survey we had done nearly ten years ago had indicated the growing scale of debt burden for poor households in Bihar. The pandemic, lockdown and rising prices and falling incomes have only compounded the burden.

The Modi government periodically writes off big loans even as the Vijay Mallyas and Nirav Modis continue to loot our banks and flee to safe havens in foreign territories. The debt-driven suicides and deaths of farmers and toilers show us the other side of the picture.

The distressed people of India need an urgent survival package - cancellation of all small loans; a complete curb on usury, the fleecing of the poor by private moneylenders; and provision of universal basic income and food support for the needy. The Vidyapatinagar Tragedy tells us that time is fast running out.

Guidelines for surrender-cum-rehabilitation of naxalites

Guidelines for surrender-cum-rehabilitation of naxalites in the naxal affected States 

1. Introduction: 

Courtesy Photo

Surrender-cum-Rehabilitation policy is part of the overall policy to build consensus and evolve an acceptable and peaceful solution to violence perpetrated by extremist groups, to usher in peace and development, especially in the disturbed regions. Though, policies for rehabilitation of militants have been successful in J&K and North Eastern States, implementation of similar policies in naxal affected States has not been impressive for various reasons. This policy has been evolved, keeping in mind the specific geographical and social landscape to help those naxalites who want to abjure violence, surrender and join the mainstream. Surrender and rehabilitation policy is part of a multi-pronged conflict management and resolution strategy and is required to be implemented along with firm action by police against those who follow the path of violence. As the naxal problem has arisen on account of real and perceived neglect, deprivation and disaffection, mainly towards the downtrodden, the solution should aim at providing gainful employment and entrepreneurial opportunities to the surrendered naxalites so that they are encouraged to join the mainstream and do not return to the fold of naxal movement. 

2. Objectives: The objectives of these Guidelines for surrender-cum-rehabilitation of naxalites in the naxal affected States are: (i) to wean away the misguided youth and hardcore naxalites who have strayed into the fold of naxal movement and now find themselves trapped into that net. (ii) to ensure that the naxalites who surrender do not find it attractive to join the naxal movement again. Tactical surrenders by those elements who try to make use of the benefits extended by the Government to further their vested interests should not be encouraged under the Scheme. 

3. Eligibility Criteria: (i) These guidelines are applicable to those naxalites who surrender with or without arms. (ii) The eligibility of such naxalites for assistance under the scheme would be scrutinized by the Screening cum Rehabilitation Committee constituted by the concerned State Government. (iii) The benefits of the scheme shall not be available to a surrenderee who has already surrendered and benefited under existing surrender / rehabilitation schemes in any of the naxal affected States. 

4. Benefits under the Scheme: (i) Persons eligible under the scheme may be imparted training in a trade/vocation of their liking or befitting their aptitude. They shall be paid a monthly stipend of Rs 2000/- each for a maximum period of 36 months. However, if the surrenderee secures any employment in Government or any gainful self-employment, the monthly stipend will be discontinued. (ii) An immediate grant of Rs. 1.5 lakh shall be kept in a bank in the name of surrenderee as a fixed deposit which may be withdrawn by the surrenderee after completion of 3 years, subject to good behaviour to be certified by the authorities designated for this purpose by the concerned States. This money can also be utilized as collateral security/margin money against loans to be availed of by the surrenderee from any bank for self-employment. 2 (iii) In the event of a surrenderee being able to secure any Government job, this amount shall not be given to the surrenderee. 

5. Incentives for Weapons: 

(i) The following additional incentives are included for the surrendered weapons/ammunition: 

Note: The incentive given for surrender of the aforesaid arms shall be deposited in the form of a Fixed Deposit in joint names of surrenderee and the State Government nominee and may be given to the surrenderee at the time of completion of 3 years after surrender and subject to good behaviour by the surrenderee. 

(ii) Handling of weapons: The States may develop a mechanism in respect of safe storage of weapons and ammunitions surrendered by the naxalites. 

6. Procedure for screening/identification and rehabilitation of naxalites: 

6.1 The following agencies will be involved in the process of identification and rehabilitation of surrendered naxalites:- 

(i) ADG/IG(Special Branch/(CID) will act as the Surrender and Rehabilitation Officer (S&R Officer) under the Scheme. 

 (ii) Central Para Military Force. 

(iii) State Police/State Administration. 

6.2 Each of the Security Forces deployed will identify one officer of the rank of DIG or equivalent officer as the nodal officer for coordinating matters relating to surrender and rehabilitation of naxalites, with respect to their organisation. 

6.3 A naxalite shall be free to surrender before any unit of the CPMFs, District Magistrate, District SP, Range DIG, IG(Ops), IG(Special Branch), DIG (Special Branch), SP(Special Branch), SDM, SubDivisional Police Officer and other notified officers. The officers for this purpose shall be notified by the State Governments. A naxalite may also surrender before any unit of the Army or the CPMFs outside the State. The officer receiving the surrenderee shall send the details as informed by the surrenderee filled up in prescribed proforma to the S&R officer and to the nodal officers of all the deployed forces. The nodal officer of each organization will verify the antecedents and activities of the naxalites from its own sources and send specific recommendations to the S&R Officer, stating as to whether the individual could be taken in as surrenderee or not. 

6.4 The officer receiving the surrenderee will provide immediate security to the surrenderee and after getting necessary details for filling up the requisite proforma, send him to the transit camp to be maintained by the S&R Officer. The decision about the acceptance or otherwise, of the surrenderee should be taken within 15 days. 

6.5. Screening procedure may also include the following:: 

(i) The naxalite who surrenders may be a hardcore, underground naxalite cadre and a member of a Dalam and surrenders in accordance with the comprehensive surrender and rehabilitation policy being implemented by the concerned State Government. Rehabilitation of surrendered naxalite should be confined to dalam members and above, other ranks and overground supporters/sympathisers being considered only in exception cases. 

(ii) The authority designated by the concerned State Government for the purpose should ensure that the surrenderee is a genuine naxalite and the naxalite should make a clear confession of all the criminal acts committed by him / her including names of planners and other participants, names of financers, harbourers, couriers, details of the naxal organizations, arms/ammunition and the property looted/distributed/disposed of by the naxalite and organization to which the naxalite belongs, which may be verified. 

7. Court cases: Heinous crimes committed by the surrenderee may continue in the courts. For minor offences, plea bargaining could be allowed at the discretion of the State Authorities. States may consider providing free legal services / advocate to the surrendered naxalite as per the policy of the concerned State. Fast track courts may be constituted by the concerned States for speedy trial of cases against the surrenderees. 

8. These guidelines for rehabilitation of naxalites for naxal affected States are in supersession of the Item No. 7 of the existing/extant guidelines of Ministry of Home Affairs for reimbursement of security related expenditure to naxal affected States. 9. The Surrender and Rehabilitation Policies of the naxal affected States may, inter alia, include the broad guidelines as laid down above. 10. Impact assessment of the guidelines: The Ministry of Home Affairs may review these guidelines periodically in consultation with the concerned State Governments and take appropriate corrective action if required.

Courtesy Report

Revolts of the indigenous people and poor peasants

 Remebering that historic upsurge of 55 years ago 

Modern Indian history is punctuated by a series of popular uprisings. The protracted battle for India's independence was powered by uprisings of various sections of oppressed Indians, oppressed not just by the colonial power which came from outside but also by the social structure that dominated Indians from within-the caste system, patriarchy, feudal power and local kingdoms and royalties. 

Revolts of the indigenous people and poor peasants, fleeced by landlords, moneylenders and colonial rulers, were the mainstay of people's resistance whether we talk about the nineteenth century rebellions including the first war of independence (1857-59), or the big mass awakenings under the leadership of Gandhi like the civil disobedience and Quit India movements or the communist-led peasant upsurges of the 1940s like the Tebhaga and Telangana.

The upsurges have continued after 1947 as India fights for realising the dream of real equality, liberty and justice. The upsurge of the landless peasants and oppressed tea workers at Naxalbari on 25 May, 1967 marked one such historic moment. It struck a massive chord with the oppressed and the youth across India.

The state unleashed a veritable war to crush it - the present-day armoury of indiscriminate use of draconian laws, custodial violence and extra-judicial terror which draws heavily on the colonial era got its first big boost in the laboratory of state repression in the early 1970s.

The legacy of Naxalbari has however continued to grow, deepening and spreading with every passing day since that historic upsurge 55 years ago.

The upsurge had led to the formation of the CPI(ML) on 22 April, 1969 and even though the fledgling new party had to face the full might and wrath of the Indian state, including a heavy use of extra-judicial violence and massacres that had shades of the Suharto-era bloodbath of communists in Indonesia, the party has succeeded in weathering the storm. It has hugely energised and revolutionised the communist movement in India. The coinage and indiscriminate use of the term 'urban naxal' by the Modi regime to target almost such a wide range of voices of dissent testifies to the power and resilience of Naxalbari.

Contrary to the popular mythology of Naxalbari, it was not an anarchist, adventurous act by a few isolated revolutionaries trying to imitate the trajectory of the Chinese revolution on the Indian soil. Had it been so, it would have only been a shortlived bubble. It was a mass upheaval rooted in India's tradition of revolts against injustice and oppression. It had the sparks and energy of India's freedom movement, a bold and glorious attempt to realise its radical potential and legacy.

Within the history of the communist movement it was a determined attempt to resurrect the spirit of Tebhaga and Telangana and turn the first major wave of post-Independence popular disenchantment and political transition (the Congress lost nine states in the 1967 elections) into a determined revolutionary quest.

Comrade Charu Mazumdar was a dedicated organiser of the Tebhaga movement and he applied all his revolutionary experience and insight developed since his Tebhaga days to build the Naxalbari upsurge with his team of comrades and the fighting people of the Dooars and hill regions of Darjeeling and North Bengal. The foundation of the CPI(ML) and its rapid spread showed the deep roots of the revolutionary communist movement and its grassroots appeal and strength. And the way the movement has succeeded in holding on to its ground and expanding its horizon since the declared Emergency of the 1970s to the current reign of fascist offensive shows its innate strength and resilience. 

On the 55th anniversary of Naxalbari we pay our deep respect to all the martyrs of the movement, to the leaders and activists who have dedicated their lives to this great cause, and all the poets, singers, balladeers who have spread the message across India and the people in all the areas of struggle who have withstood tremendous repression and yet sustained the movement with all their courage, energy and love. Naxalbari has become a metaphor for the indomitable spirit of people's resistance against oppression and injustice. It is the revolutionary smile of the fighting multitude in the face of the arrogance and aggression of power-drunk rulers. The battle is on and the people will have the last words. Red Salute to Naxalbari!

Courtesy: CPIML Liberation